Topic
Federal budget charts
17 charts about federal budget, each with its public source, its numbers and its date.
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How big is the federal debt compared with the economy?
At the end of fiscal 2025 the federal debt was 124% of a year's GDP, everything the U.S. economy produces in a year. It fell from 96% in 1948 to a low of 32%...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Historical Debt Outstanding; GDP from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (NIPA Table 1.1.5) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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Who owns the US national debt?
At the end of July 2026 the federal debt was $39.8 trillion. Other U.S. investors (banks, mutual funds, pension funds, state and local governments and people...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Debt to the Penny; U.S. Treasury, TIC Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities; Federal Reserve Bank of New York, SOMA Holdings · Data as of Jul 31, 2026
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When will Social Security's trust funds run out?
The 2026 Trustees Report projects that Social Security's combined trust funds will run out in 2034. Their reserves peaked at $2.9 trillion in 2020 and were $...
Source: Social Security Administration, 2026 OASDI Trustees Report, Table VI.G2 (combined OASI and DI Trust Funds, intermediate assumptions) · Data as of Dec 31, 2025
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How much US debt does the Federal Reserve own?
The Federal Reserve held $4.6 trillion of Treasury securities on September 23, 2026, down from a peak of $5.8 trillion in May 2022. Its holdings jumped when ...
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, System Open Market Account (SOMA) Holdings · Data as of Oct 7, 2026
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How much US debt does Japan own?
Japan held $1.10 trillion of U.S. Treasury securities in July 2026, the most of any country, up from $326 billion in March 2000. Its holdings peaked at $1.33...
Source: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities · Data as of Jul 31, 2026
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How much US debt does China own?
Mainland China held $618 billion of U.S. Treasury securities in July 2026, less than half its peak of $1.32 trillion in November 2013 and about where it was ...
Source: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities · Data as of Jul 31, 2026
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How much US debt do foreign countries own?
Foreign investors, governments and private buyers together, held $9.2 trillion of U.S. Treasury securities in July 2026, about seven times the $1.3 trillion ...
Source: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities · Data as of Jul 31, 2026
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Which countries own the most US debt?
In July 2026 Japan held $1.1 trillion of U.S. Treasury securities, the most of any country, followed by the United Kingdom ($998 billion) and mainland China ...
Source: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities · Data as of Jul 31, 2026
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How big is the US national debt?
At the end of fiscal year 2025 the debt was $37.6 trillion, almost four times the $10.0 trillion of 2008. In 1835 it had been paid down to about $34,000. Eac...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Historical Debt Outstanding · Data as of Sep 30, 2026
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How much federal debt is there per American?
In fiscal 2025 the federal debt came to about $110,100 for every person in the US, up from $33,000 in 2008 and $1,585 in 1960. It is the debt at the end of e...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Historical Debt Outstanding; population from the World Bank (SP.POP.TOTL) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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What interest rate does the US government pay on its debt?
The average interest rate on all federal debt was 3.36% at the end of fiscal 2025, about twice the low of 1.61% in 2021 but well below the 6.06% of 2001, whe...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Average Interest Rates on U.S. Treasury Securities · Data as of Sep 30, 2026
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How much does the federal government spend each year?
The federal government spent $7.01 trillion in fiscal 2025, up from $3.69 trillion in 2015. The jump to $6.55 trillion in 2020 was largely pandemic relief. N...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement (Table 9) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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Where does federal spending go?
Social Security was the biggest item in fiscal 2025 at $1.58 trillion, out of $7.01 trillion in total. Medicare, other health programs and interest on the de...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement (Table 9) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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How much money does the federal government collect each year?
The government collected $5.23 trillion in fiscal 2025, up from $3.25 trillion in 2015, but still $1.78 trillion less than it spent. Not adjusted for inflati...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement (Table 9) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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Where does federal revenue come from?
Individual income taxes brought in $2.66 trillion of the government's $5.23 trillion in fiscal 2025, about half. Payroll taxes for Social Security, Medicare ...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement (Table 9) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025
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How much does the US government pay in interest each year?
The government spent $1.22 trillion on interest in fiscal 2025, nearly three times the $414 billion of 2010, as both the debt and interest rates rose. This c...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Interest Expense on the Public Debt Outstanding · Data as of Sep 30, 2026
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How big is the federal deficit each year?
The government spent $1.78 trillion more than it collected in fiscal 2025. The gap peaked at $3.13 trillion in 2020, during the pandemic, and has stayed abov...
Source: U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement (Table 9) · Data as of Sep 30, 2025