Which countries own the most US debt?

In July 2026 Japan held $1.1 trillion of U.S. Treasury securities, the most of any country, followed by the United Kingdom ($998 billion) and mainland China ($618 billion). Holdings are counted where the securities are kept, so financial centers such as Belgium, Luxembourg and the Cayman Islands rank high partly because they hold them for owners elsewhere. Treasury lists its 20 largest holders; together all foreign holders had $9.2 trillion.

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Key facts

Measure: Treasury securities held, US dollars. Written from the data below.

  • Japan has the highest figure, $1.1T, followed by United Kingdom ($998B) and China, Mainland ($618B).
  • Bermuda has the lowest figure, $109B, followed by United Arab Emirates ($110B) and Korea, South ($132B).
  • The highest is 10 times the lowest.

Source and date

Source
U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities
License
Public domain (U.S. government work)
Data as of
Published

Citation

Chartly. “Which countries own the most US debt?” Chart. Data: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities, https://home.treasury.gov/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system-home-page/tic-forms-instructions/securities-b-portfolio-holdings-of-us-and-foreign-securities (data as of July 31, 2026). https://chart.ly/charts/countries-that-own-the-most-us-debt (accessed October 17, 2026).

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The data

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Country Treasury securities held, US dollars
Japan 1,103,900,000,000
United Kingdom 998,300,000,000
China, Mainland 618,000,000,000
Belgium 470,700,000,000
Cayman Islands 460,100,000,000
Luxembourg 442,100,000,000
Canada 426,300,000,000
Ireland 350,200,000,000
France 348,400,000,000
Taiwan 296,100,000,000
Switzerland 284,800,000,000
Singapore 277,700,000,000
Hong Kong 258,300,000,000
Norway 206,900,000,000
India 202,600,000,000
Brazil 168,000,000,000
Saudi Arabia 142,400,000,000
Korea, South 131,500,000,000
United Arab Emirates 110,100,000,000
Bermuda 109,100,000,000

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