Which countries own the most US debt?
In July 2026 Japan held $1.1 trillion of U.S. Treasury securities, the most of any country, followed by the United Kingdom ($998 billion) and mainland China ($618 billion). Holdings are counted where the securities are kept, so financial centers such as Belgium, Luxembourg and the Cayman Islands rank high partly because they hold them for owners elsewhere. Treasury lists its 20 largest holders; together all foreign holders had $9.2 trillion.
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Source and date
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Citation
Chartly. “Which countries own the most US debt?” Chart. Data: U.S. Treasury, Treasury International Capital (TIC) System, Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities, https://home.treasury.gov/data/treasury-international-capital-tic-system-home-page/tic-forms-instructions/securities-b-portfolio-holdings-of-us-and-foreign-securities (data as of July 31, 2026). https://chart.ly/charts/countries-that-own-the-most-us-debt (accessed September 26, 2026).
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The data
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| Country | Treasury securities held, US dollars |
|---|---|
| Japan | 1,103,900,000,000 |
| United Kingdom | 998,300,000,000 |
| China, Mainland | 618,000,000,000 |
| Belgium | 470,700,000,000 |
| Cayman Islands | 460,100,000,000 |
| Luxembourg | 442,100,000,000 |
| Canada | 426,300,000,000 |
| Ireland | 350,200,000,000 |
| France | 348,400,000,000 |
| Taiwan | 296,100,000,000 |
| Switzerland | 284,800,000,000 |
| Singapore | 277,700,000,000 |
| Hong Kong | 258,300,000,000 |
| Norway | 206,900,000,000 |
| India | 202,600,000,000 |
| Brazil | 168,000,000,000 |
| Saudi Arabia | 142,400,000,000 |
| Korea, South | 131,500,000,000 |
| United Arab Emirates | 110,100,000,000 |
| Bermuda | 109,100,000,000 |
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