Guide
Are bank failures rising?
2 U.S. banks failed in 2025, against 2 in 2024. That compares with 530 in 1989, the peak of the savings-and-loan crisis, and 157 in 2010, after the financial crisis. Banks that failed in 2025 held $126 million in assets; the five that failed in 2023 held $532 billion, because three of them were among the biggest failures on record.
Figures update themselves from 5 charts; newest data as of July 17, 2026.
Banks that failed, 2025
2
530 in 1989, the most since the FDIC began in 1934
Assets of failed banks, 2025
$126 million
$532 billion in 2023
Commercial banks, end of 2025
3,806
Down from 14,496 in 1984
Bank failures each year since 1934
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9 banks failed in 1934, the FDIC's first year. Failures were rare for the next 45 years, then rose to 530 in 1989 as savings and loans and banks failed by the hundreds. The financial crisis brought 140 failures in 2009 and 157 in 2010. 2 failed in 2025.
How much the failed banks held
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Counting failures misses their size. In 2008, Washington Mutual and 24 other failed banks held $372 billion; in 2023 just five failed banks held $532 billion; in 1989 the 530 failed banks and thrifts held $164 billion. These are dollars of the day, not adjusted for inflation.
The biggest failures
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Washington Mutual Bank (2008) is the biggest U.S. bank failure on record, with $307 billion in assets, followed by First Republic Bank (2023), Silicon Valley Bank (2023) and Signature Bank (2023), with $213 billion, $209 billion and $110 billion.
Fewer banks than there used to be
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There were 3,806 FDIC-insured commercial banks at the end of 2025, against 14,496 in 1984. Most of the drop came from mergers after states lifted limits on branches in the 1980s and 1990s, not from failures.
The numbers
Each year, newest first. A dash means no figure.
| Year | Banks that failed | Assets of banks that failed, dollars | FDIC-insured commercial banks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2 | 126,404,000 | 3,806 |
| 2024 | 2 | 5,974,040,000 | 3,928 |
| 2023 | 5 | 532,228,416,000 | 4,036 |
| 2022 | 0 | 0 | 4,136 |
| 2021 | 0 | 0 | 4,238 |
| 2020 | 4 | 454,986,000 | 4,379 |
| 2019 | 4 | 208,767,000 | 4,526 |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 | 4,717 |
| 2017 | 8 | 5,081,737,000 | 4,918 |
| 2016 | 5 | 277,182,000 | 5,112 |
| 2015 | 8 | 6,706,038,000 | 5,340 |
| 2014 | 18 | 2,913,503,000 | 5,607 |
| 2013 | 24 | 6,044,051,000 | 5,847 |
| 2012 | 51 | 11,617,348,000 | 6,072 |
| 2011 | 92 | 34,922,997,000 | 6,275 |
| 2010 | 157 | 92,084,988,000 | 6,519 |
| 2009 | 140 | 169,709,160,000 | 6,829 |
| 2008 | 25 | 371,945,480,000 | 7,077 |
| 2007 | 3 | 2,614,928,000 | 7,279 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 | 7,397 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 | 7,523 |
| 2004 | 4 | 170,099,000 | 7,628 |
| 2003 | 3 | 947,317,000 | 7,767 |
| 2002 | 11 | 2,872,720,000 | 7,887 |
| 2001 | 4 | 1,821,760,000 | 8,082 |
| 2000 | 7 | 410,160,000 | 8,315 |
| 1999 | 8 | 1,592,189,000 | 8,582 |
| 1998 | 3 | 290,238,000 | 8,775 |
| 1997 | 1 | 27,923,000 | 9,144 |
| 1996 | 6 | 232,634,000 | 9,530 |
| 1995 | 8 | 1,225,943,000 | 9,943 |
| 1994 | 15 | 1,600,689,000 | 10,453 |
| 1993 | 50 | 9,976,901,000 | 10,961 |
| 1992 | 179 | 89,554,183,000 | 11,467 |
| 1991 | 268 | 143,444,562,000 | 11,927 |
| 1990 | 381 | 146,585,865,000 | 12,347 |
| 1989 | 530 | 163,862,508,000 | 12,715 |
| 1988 | 232 | 48,363,949,000 | 13,137 |
| 1987 | 217 | 15,823,491,000 | 13,723 |
| 1986 | 162 | 15,307,286,000 | 14,210 |
| 1985 | 139 | 9,901,523,000 | 14,417 |
| 1984 | 83 | 4,188,925,237 | 14,496 |
| 1983 | 50 | 3,833,144,080 | 14,469 |
| 1982 | 34 | 4,652,702,689 | 14,451 |
| 1981 | 9 | 1,377,909,844 | 14,414 |
| 1980 | 10 | 239,316,000 | 14,434 |
| 1979 | 10 | 132,987,000 | 14,364 |
| 1978 | 7 | 994,034,000 | 14,391 |
| 1977 | 5 | 42,358,000 | 14,411 |
| 1976 | 16 | 1,039,292,000 | 14,410 |
| 1975 | 13 | 419,950,000 | 14,384 |
| 1974 | 4 | 3,822,596,000 | 14,230 |
| 1973 | 6 | 1,309,675,000 | 13,976 |
| 1972 | 1 | 22,054,000 | 13,733 |
| 1971 | 6 | 196,519,000 | 13,612 |
| 1970 | 7 | 62,147,000 | 13,511 |
| 1969 | 9 | 43,571,000 | 13,473 |
| 1968 | 3 | 25,155,000 | 13,487 |
| 1967 | 4 | 11,993,000 | 13,514 |
| 1966 | 7 | 120,646,000 | 13,538 |
| 1965 | 5 | 58,750,000 | 13,544 |
| 1964 | 7 | 25,849,000 | 13,493 |
| 1963 | 2 | 26,179,000 | 13,291 |
| 1962 | 1 | 0 | 13,124 |
| 1961 | 5 | 9,819,000 | 13,115 |
| 1960 | 1 | 7,506,000 | 13,126 |
| 1959 | 3 | 2,859,000 | 13,114 |
| 1958 | 4 | 8,905,000 | 13,124 |
| 1957 | 1 | 1,253,000 | 13,165 |
| 1956 | 2 | 12,914,000 | 13,218 |
| 1955 | 5 | 11,986,000 | 13,237 |
| 1954 | 2 | 1,138,000 | 13,323 |
| 1953 | 2 | 18,811,000 | 13,432 |
| 1952 | 3 | 2,389,000 | 13,439 |
| 1951 | 2 | 3,050,000 | 13,455 |
| 1950 | 4 | 4,005,000 | 13,446 |
| 1949 | 4 | 4,885,000 | 13,436 |
| 1948 | 3 | 10,360,000 | 13,419 |
| 1947 | 5 | 6,798,000 | 13,403 |
| 1946 | 1 | 351,000 | 13,359 |
| 1945 | 1 | 6,392,000 | 13,302 |
| 1944 | 2 | 2,098,000 | 13,268 |
| 1943 | 5 | 14,059,000 | 13,274 |
| 1942 | 20 | 1,602,000 | 13,347 |
| 1941 | 15 | 17,811,000 | 13,430 |
| 1940 | 43 | 7,959,000 | 13,442 |
| 1939 | 60 | 43,923,000 | 13,538 |
| 1938 | 74 | 13,919,000 | 13,661 |
| 1937 | 75 | 19,284,000 | 13,797 |
| 1936 | 69 | 12,927,000 | 13,973 |
| 1935 | 25 | 12,324,000 | 14,125 |
| 1934 | 9 | 2,661,000 | 14,146 |
What these numbers can and can't tell you
These are the FDIC's records. Failures include savings and loans closed by the FSLIC and the Resolution Trust Corporation, but not banks kept open with government help.
Depositors lose money only on accounts above the FDIC insurance limit, and a failed bank is usually sold to another bank. When the FDIC records a new failure, the charts update themselves, and so does every number on this page.
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Sources
FDIC BankFind Suite, bank failures and assistance data (Public domain (U.S. government work; FDIC)), data as of July 17, 2026, in these charts:
- How many U.S. banks have failed each year?
- How much money did the banks that failed each year hold?
- What were the biggest U.S. bank failures?
FDIC BankFind Suite, historical bank data (Public domain (U.S. government work; FDIC)), data as of December 31, 2025, in these charts:
FDIC BankFind Suite, institution data (Public domain (U.S. government work; FDIC)), data as of June 30, 2026, in these charts: