What were the biggest U.S. bank failures?
Washington Mutual, which failed in September 2008 with $307 billion in assets, is the biggest U.S. bank failure on record. Next come First Republic Bank ($213 billion) and Silicon Valley Bank ($209 billion), both in 2023, then Signature Bank ($110 billion), also in 2023. Assets are what each bank owned at its last report before it failed, in dollars of the day, not adjusted for inflation, so older failures look smaller than they were.
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Chartly. “What were the biggest U.S. bank failures?” Chart. Data: FDIC BankFind Suite, bank failures and assistance data, https://banks.data.fdic.gov/bankfind-suite/failures (data as of July 17, 2026). https://chart.ly/charts/biggest-bank-failures (accessed September 27, 2026).
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| Bank (year it failed) | Assets when it failed, dollars |
|---|---|
| Washington Mutual Bank (2008) | 307,021,614,000 |
| First Republic Bank (2023) | 212,638,872,000 |
| Silicon Valley Bank (2023) | 209,026,000,000 |
| Signature Bank (2023) | 110,363,650,000 |
| IndyMac Bank F.S.B (2008) | 30,698,512,000 |
| Colonial Bank (2009) | 25,455,112,000 |
| First RepublicBank-Dallas (1988) | 17,085,655,000 |
| Guaranty Bank (2009) | 13,464,352,000 |
| Bank of New England (1991) | 13,428,614,000 |
| Gibraltar Savings, FA (1989) | 13,382,327,000 |
| BankUnited, FSB (2009) | 13,111,463,000 |
| Downey Savings and Loan Association, F.A. (2008) | 12,779,371,000 |
| HomeFed Bank, FA (1992) | 12,175,590,000 |
| AmTrust Bank (2009) | 11,438,990,000 |
| Southeast Bank (1991) | 11,026,691,000 |
| United Commercial Bank (2009) | 10,895,336,000 |
| Westernbank Puerto Rico (2010) | 10,797,345,000 |
| Goldome (1991) | 9,890,866,000 |
| City Savings, FSB (1989) | 9,813,776,000 |
| Imperial Federal Savings Assoc. (1990) | 9,581,584,000 |
| Great American FSA (1991) | 9,523,603,000 |
| Franklin FSA (1990) | 9,258,163,000 |
| CenTrust Bank, SB (1990) | 8,217,563,000 |
| Empire of America FSB (1990) | 8,173,572,000 |
| California National Bank (2009) | 7,781,100,000 |
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