Chart assignment

Charts to read and discuss

Read each chart, then answer its questions. Every chart shows its source and date; open it for a table of the numbers and the data to download.

  1. Which asteroids will pass closest to Earth next?
  2. Which big U.S. cities have the most violent crime?
  3. How much rarer is each step up in earthquake magnitude?

Chart 1 of 3 · Space

Which asteroids will pass closest to Earth next?

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. The numbers are on the chart's page.

These are the next 15 asteroids NASA expects to pass within 10 times the Moon's distance of Earth, soonest first, as of November 6, 2026; the closest, 2026 VG3 (Nov 7, 2026), should pass 0.64 Moon distances away. A value of 1 means as far away as the Moon, about 384,400 km; 0.5 means half that. Most are small rocks a few to a few dozen meters across, often found only days or weeks before they arrive, so the list changes daily as new ones are spotted. Distances are NASA's best estimates, measured from Earth's center.

Questions to discuss

  1. In one sentence of your own, what does this chart show?
  2. Find the biggest change or difference in the chart. What might explain it?
  3. Who collected these numbers, and how recent are they? What else would you want to know before drawing a conclusion?

Source: NASA/JPL Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), SBDB Close Approach Data (Public domain (NASA data); credit NASA/JPL-Caltech CNEOS) · Data as of Nov 6, 2026

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Chart 2 of 3 · Crime

Which big U.S. cities have the most violent crime?

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. The numbers are on the chart's page.

In 2025, Memphis, TN had the highest violent crime rate of the 89 biggest U.S. cities whose police reported a full year to the FBI, about 1,853 per 100,000 people, followed by Detroit, MI (1,654) and Oakland, CA (1,475). Irvine, CA (79) and Virginia Beach, VA (101) had the lowest; the U.S. rate was about 330. Violent crime is murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault. In 2025 the police in New Orleans, Orlando and St. Petersburg, Florida, didn't report a full year of crimes, so they are left out. Each rate is per person the department serves, and a few, such as Las Vegas, Honolulu, Jacksonville and Louisville, serve their whole county. A city's rate also depends on where its borders fall, so compare cities with care.

How to read this chart

Each bar is one big city's violent crimes reported to the FBI in a year (murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault) for every 100,000 people its police department serves. The dashed line is the rate for the whole U.S. Dividing by population makes big and small cities fair to compare, but a city's rate also depends on where its borders fall.

Questions to discuss

  1. Find the city with the highest rate and the one with the lowest. About how many times higher is the top rate?
  2. Some departments police a whole county, suburbs included. How could that change a city's rate compared with one that covers only its downtown?
  3. These are crimes reported to police. What kinds of crime might never show up in these numbers, and why?

Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer, Uniform Crime Reporting Program (Public domain (U.S. government work); source FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program) · Data as of Dec 31, 2025

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Chart 3 of 3 · Earthquakes

How much rarer is each step up in earthquake magnitude?

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. The numbers are on the chart's page.

In 2025 the world recorded 6,428 earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 to 4.9, 1,983 of magnitude 5, 129 of magnitude 6, 15 of magnitude 7 and 1 of magnitude 8 or more. Each step up in magnitude is roughly ten times rarer, and releases about 32 times more energy. Countless smaller quakes go unrecorded worldwide, so the chart starts at 4.5.

How to read this chart

Each bar counts the earthquakes recorded worldwide in one year within a range of magnitudes. The bars start at zero. Each whole step up in magnitude releases about 32 times more energy, so a magnitude 7 quake is far more than one step stronger than a 6.

Questions to discuss

  1. Roughly how many times more common is each band than the one above it?
  2. The biggest bars are hard to compare with the smallest ones on this scale. What other way could you show these numbers?
  3. The chart starts at magnitude 4.5. Why might smaller earthquakes around the world go uncounted?

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat) (Public domain (U.S. government work); source U.S. Geological Survey) · Data as of Dec 31, 2025

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